We hypothesized that FC reflects the interplay of at least three types of components: (i) a backbone of anatomical connectivity, (ii) a stationary dynamical regime directly driven by the underlying anatomy, and (iii) other stationary and non-stationary dynamics not directly related to the anatomy. We addressed this issue by systematically comparing functional connectivity (FC) from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data with simulations from increasingly complex computational models, and by manipulating anatomical connectivity obtained from fiber tractography based on diffusion-weighted imaging. In particular, the existence and relative contributions of anatomical constraints and dynamical physiological mechanisms of different types remain to be established. Yet, the mechanisms shaping this relationship largely remain to be elucidated and are highly debated. Investigating the relationship between brain structure and function is a central endeavor for neuroscience research.
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